# T-Dating

Findspot: Corinth
Context: South Stoa
Basis:
Building make-up dated between 55 and 70 by coins and pottery, possibly  following an earthquake between 70 and 77.


Findspot: Dangstetten
Revision: M
Basis:
Start not definitely fixed, but substantially earlier than Oberaden (Roth-Rubi 2003); end from absence of Lyon Altar-Series I coins.


Findspot: Haltern
Basis:
Military site, begins certainly after the abandonment of Oberaden (though the interval cannot be defined) and ends with the Varus disaster. See Schnurbein (1982) 137-139 and my discussion of the dating of Lyon, La Muette, in chapter IV.


Findspot: Lyon
Context: Cybèle, Horizon 1
Revision: N
Basis:
Occupation levels, dated after foundation of colony in 43 BC and earlier (by the pottery) than Horizon 2. See Desbat 1998, 249; Desbat et al. 2000, 513.


Findspot: Lyon
Context: Cybèle, Horizon 2
Revision: N
Basis:
Construction/make-up levels for Phase 2. Dated essentially by the pottery, which is earlier in character than that found at Dangstetten and Oberaden.


Findspot: Lyon
Context: Loyasse L3
Basis:
Large, closely homogeneous deposit of uncertain association, dated primarily by comparison with other closed groups from Lyon.


Findspot: Lyon
Context: Verbe-Incarné f. 1
Basis:
Pit of domestic rubbish in house, closely homogeneous group of pottery. Dated primarily by the pottery, latest coin 15-7 BC.


Findspot: Lyon
Context: Verbe-Incarné f. 2/3
Basis:
Two pits in portico of house towards street: coins no later than fosse 1 but general character of pottery suggests a slightly later date.


Findspot: Magdalensberg
Context: Aug. Planierschicht
Revision: N
Basis:
A widespread levelling layer, shown to be uniform by scattered joining sherds; latest coin of 7 BC. See Zabehlicky-Scheffenegger 1998, 192.


Findspot: Magdalensberg
Context: Geschirrladen NG/4
Basis:
Burnt (new) stock of a shop, dated only approximately, but surely a coherent group of closely contemporary material. See Schindler & Scheffenegger 1977, Taf. 165-7 and Zabehlicky-Scheffenegger 1998b, 276.


Findspot: Magdalensberg
Context: Komplex VI
Revision: M
Basis:
Approximate end-date based on all finds. See Schindler & Scheffenegger 1977, 15 for AD 45 - but in 2020 Schindler-Kaudelka and Zabehlicky-Scheffenegger advised me that AD 50 is possibly a better estimate.


Findspot: Mainz
Context: FM 82-8a/85-71
Basis:
Closely homogeneous rubbish deposit with coins to 10 BC but lacking later issues prolific elsewhere.


Findspot: Mont Beuvray
Basis:
Probably abandoned progressively during the last two decades BC, to be replaced by Augustodunum (Autun). See C. Goudineau & C. Peyre, Bibracte et les Eduens: à la découverte d'un peuple gaulois (Mont-Beuvray 1993) 195-198.


Findspot: Oberaden
Basis:
Beginning and end both determined by dendrochronological data: J.-S. Kühlborn, Das Römerlager in Oberaden iii (Münster 1992) 123, 129-133.


Findspot: Orange
Context: Remblai augustéen
Basis:
Closely homogeneous group of pottery from the construction make-up of a house. Approximate terminal date from character of finds.


Findspot: Prima Porta
Context: Villa of Livia, CF
Revision: N
Basis:
This is a dumped fill of material, not externally dated but stratigraphically sealed as part of a structural reconstruction. This 'may' have followed a disaster to the villa in AD 68.


Findspot: Rome
Context: Neronian 64-68
Revision: N
Basis:
Secondary levelling after the Great Fire and before the construction of the Domus Aurea; certainly contains residual material. See Rizzo 1998, 7-10.


Findspot: Tipasa
Context: Necr. or., t. d.sacr
Basis:
Tomb containing a coin of Claudius, overlaid by another tomb containing one of Domitian dated AD 81-82.


Findspot: Vechten
Revision: M
Basis:
For a foundation date in the first decade AD, see M. Polak & S.L. Wynia in Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden 71 (1991) 125-156. For a persuasive argument in favour of AD 16, based on the coin evidence, see M.D. De Weerd in T. Grünewald & S. Seibel (Eds.), Kontinuität und Diskontinuität: Germania Inferior am Beginn und am Ende der römischen Herrschaft (Berlin & New York 2003) 181-199.


Findspot: Vienne
Context: SRG 1
Basis:
Make-up levels for earliest structures. 7 coins, latest 40, 38, 29 BC. End-date from absence of later coins and of 'Service II' sigillata.


Findspot: Vienne
Context: SRG 2
Basis:
Occupation/modification of earliest structures. Coherent group of material, 7 coins down to one of Lyon Altar series, end date perhaps a little earlier than Haltern.


Findspot: Vienne
Context: SRG 3
Basis:
Destruction of first building, make-up for second. Coins of AD 3-15 and 10-14. Appearance of South Gaulish sigillata.


Findspot: Vindonissa
Basis:
Most probably constructed during the consolidation of the Rhine frontier by Tiberius, but perhaps a little earlier (AD 10?): see E. Ettlinger in Paulys Realencyclopädie IX.A (Stuttgart 1961) 83-87 and C.M. Wells, The German Policy of Augustus (Oxford 1972) 49-53.


Findspot: Xanten
Basis:
Approximate date from all finds, suggesting an association with the activities of Drusus in 13-9 BC (Hanel 1995, Textband p. 315).


